The Importance of Law Enforcement Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Importance of Law Enforcement - Article Example As quoted by Schuster (2007) from the American Judicature Society, â€Å"misidentification by the eyewitness was the leading cause of wrongful conviction in more than 75% of the first 183 DNA exonerations in the United States†. From this statement, questions arise on the effectiveness of the methods used by the police in letting the eyewitness identify suspects from photographic and live lineups that are commonly used in the US police departments. There are two kinds of lineups: simultaneous and sequential. In a simultaneous lineup, the eyewitness views all the people or photos at the same time, while in a consequential lineup, people or photographs are presented to the witness one at a time. Both lineups have their disadvantages. In the simultaneous lineup, most preferred by law enforcers, Schuster (2007) quoted that witnesses use â€Å"relative judgment† rather than their memory. This means that they just compare the lineups with each other and choose the one that closely resembles the perpetrator. This becomes a problem most especially when the perpetrator is not present in the lineup because the eyewitness can just pick anyone that closely resembles the perpetrator. In a consequential line-up, on the other hand, a decision should be made about the current lineup before moving to the next. As such, the eyewitness oftentimes relies on the use of â€Å"absolute judgment† in which witnesses compare each lineup on what he or she thinks the offender looks like. Aside from the disadvantages, Schuster (2007) also quoted variables that can affect the outcome of police lineups. These are the pre-lineup instructions given to the witness, the physical characteristics of the fillers, similarities or differences between the witness’ and suspect’s age, race, or ethnicity, and incident characteristics such as the use of force or weapons.

Nature & Nurture Essay Example for Free

Nature Nurture Essay Is a childs development influenced primarily by genetics and biological predisposition? Or, could the majority of influence be found in the childs environment? This nature/nurture question is possibly one of the oldest theories debated in psychology (Bee, 2004). Today, it is commonly accepted that most aspects of a childs development are a product of the interaction of both nurture and nature (Bee). Both sides of the nature/nurture argument present compelling evidence of how each factor impacts development. It is no longer a question of whether it is nature or nurture, which influence development, but more importantly in what ways, and to what extent. The Impact of Nature on Development Nature, which is also known as heredity, is the genetic code you are born with. It is passed on to you from your parents. Some examples of nature or heredity could be your height, behavior, and IQ just to name a few. The issue of nature having a great impact on a childs development can be illustrated in the studies of twins. Flanagan (2002) explored the Minnesota study in which a set of twins was raised separately. In one case, a set of identical twins was raised apart, known as the Jim twins. They did not meet until they were almost forty and had many similarities even though they were raised apart. There was no real explanation for all their similarities except that nature must play a crucial role in development. The Minnesota twin study concluded that on multiple measures of personality and temperament, occupational and leisure-time interests and social attitudes, mono-zygotic twins reared apart are about as similar as are mono-zygotic twins reared together (Flanagan). This is a prime example that nature plays a significant role in our development. Another example of nature is the study of adopted babies. Families with adopted children share the same environment, but not the same genetic code (Flanagan, 2002). The Texas Adoption Project found little similarity between adopted children and their siblings, and greater similarity between adopted children and their biological parents (Flanagan). This example also shows how important the role of nature plays on a childs development. Knowing that nature plays a role in a childs development, educators can use this to determine possible disabilities. For example, if two parents have a reading disability, it is more likely that their child may develop a reading disability as well. It gives teachers a heads up on what to look out for. This can help educators be proactive and intervene at earlier ages. The Impact of Nurture on Development The influence of a persons environment on their behavior is a very commonly accepted factor. The question is how much can the environment affect the behavior and abilities of a person. Some basic factors such as nutrition can be shown to have an important influence on the abilities of a person. It has also been demonstrated that fears, through the experiences of children, can be learned. Most importantly, some behaviors, if not learned from the environment, will never develop. Environment plays a significant role in development as humans. When considering a persons environment in influencing ability, nutrition plays an important example. In one study, a group of children were given vitamin and mineral supplements for eight months. They were given intelligence tests before and after the eight-month treatment. The result was improvements in scores as compared to another group whom we not given vitamin and mineral supplements (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). The results suggest that environment plays a role in the intellectual ability of people. It is not an illogical leap to understand this will probably extend to physical abilities as well. Another example of environmental influences in the behavior of people comes from a study done to an infant of 11 months. The infant was subjected to a terrible noise whenever he attempted to touch a white rat in the room with him. The child later displayed fear whenever he came in contact with anything white or furry (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). A last example of environmental influences in behavior comes from France in 1799. A boy of 12 or 13 was found running with wolves. When he was discovered he was brought back into society. He never developed as a normal human and had tremendous difficulties in society (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). This suggests that much of what we consider human behavior is socially learned. While no one would suggest that nurture is the only factor that needs to be considered in discussing behavior, it is definitely a significant factor in how we behave as humans. By ignoring the environment, we would miss a large part of what shapes and guides us in life. In conclusion, both sides of the nature/nurture debate present evidence which supports its impact on development. Studies have shown that heredity is a major factor in developmental similarities among twins raised separately (Flanagan 2002). Studies have also shown that nutrition plays a significant role in cognitive development (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). Most experts agree that most aspects of a childs development are a product of the interaction of both nurture and nature (Bee, 2004). Interestingly, in recent years, new technology has enabled scientists to gain a deeper understanding of the genetic component of development, increasing interest on this side of the debate (Bee). Although no longer an all or nothing issue, the extent to which nature and nurture affect development will likely be debated for years to come. References Bee, Helen (2004). Child and adolescent development (Section 1, pp. 3). Retrieved July 28, 2004, from University of Phoenix website: www. myresource. phoenix. edu Flanagan, C. (2002). Nature and nurture: why are siblings so different? Psychology Review, 8(3), 23. Retrieved July 28, 2004, from the InfoTrac Database. Nature vs. Nurture (2001). Planet Papers. Retrieved July 28, 2004, from the World Wide Web: http://www. planetpapers. com/Assets/3492. php.

The Effects of Color And Organization on the Web :: Website Design Internet Essays Papers

The Effects of Color And Organization on the Web The Sci-Fi network's WorldWide Web (WWW) site, on the Internet, is organized to advertise its channel and navigate you through its information easily. It achieves this by constructing its site simply and effectively using graphic designs. Because it is a commercial site, it uses appealing visual graphics associated with science fiction, and the channel, to receive your attention, and get you interested to explore its sources. However, attracting the viewer's attention with fancy graphics doesn't necessarily make it a good Web site. What makes it effective is its format of graphic designs which moves you through its information without any difficulties. The Sci-Fi network achieves this by using proper organization and use of color to design their graphics, in order to establish a successful Web site on the Internet. The Sci-Fi network uses graphic designs to organize its home page in order to produce an image that illustrates relevant logos and information about the site simultaneously. The fact that the Sci-Fi network is a commercial site on the Internet, contributes to its structure of organization. As a result, the network uses visual designs to publicize the Sci-Fi channel and help link you to its sources of information with an interesting yet effective style. The Sci-Fi network places a science fiction logo in the center of the background, which is arranged with sources along the sides and corners of the boxed image. This logo is used for illustration, and the links, (represented by small squares with titles written in them), are used for locating information of categories found within the site. The Sci-Fi network also manages to incorporate two flashing boxes which link to information about the network's TV listings, on the top two corners of the same image, and incorporates an advertiseme nt of the channels logo around the same centered image. All of this information is crucial to this commercial site, because it manages to advertise its channel and offer a concise structure of visual designs to link you to information quickly. The site is organized in this structure for these purposes and successfully manages to achieve an effective structure through this proper organization. This approach has some benefits in comparison to the use of written text in other sites, which usually contain lengthy information that may or may not interest you. For example, when you look at the Cyberpunk FAQ site, which resembles this type of organization, and compare it to the structure of the Sci-Fi WWW site, you can see the benefits of using relevant graphics to enhance a commercial Web site.

The Reluctant Receptionist

The Reluctant Receptionist Why was it important to be specific when describing job duties? The importance of being specific when describing job duties is very important. Having a well effectively developed employee job description is a communication tool between the employee and employer and it can determine the success between the employee and employer. Having a poorly written job description can add confusion to the workplace, also a lack of communication from the company. People working for the company may feel as if they do not know what is, to be expected of them.In this scenario not being accurate of the written job description created a problem because it was not written but it became a verbal description and it had nothing to do with what Virginia applied for. Virginia was not hired to be a receptionist, but was to relieve the receptionist for an hour a day. Virginia felt that this company did not take her seriously and felt unappreciated. Even though she has a college degree , and the job she applied for was an HR assistant not a fill in receptionist.The importance of job descriptions Employee job descriptions are written statements that describe the duties, responsibilities, and the qualifications of a particular job. Employee job descriptions are based on information obtained through a job analysis, understanding the skills required to accomplish the task that is needed, and the needs of the company. Having a well written job description can cover legal basis as well, if employment issue's should arise: it will define the ongoing job responsibilities for the employee.It will also identify the required knowledge , skills and abilities needed to be successful. What can be done in the future to prevent these problems, what are the job duties of an HR Assistant? In order from preventing this happening in the future is to be more detailed into what is expected of the job being performed. When writing a job description consider the task, duties, and respons ibilities and define each one if needed. Job Description for Human Resource AssistantHuman Resources Assistants are generally assigned to help Human Resource directors and managers keep track of employee information. This information could include an employee's name, address, job title, compensation, tax withholding information and benefits, such as retirement and insurance plans. Human Resource assistants also help with documentation concerning grievances, terminations, absences and performance reports. Duties of an Human Resource Assistant Human resources assistants may be required to complete a wide variety of duties.Common tasks include answering questions, opening mail, receiving and transferring phone calls, giving directions, creating and distributing documents and providing customer service. Assistants may be required to use either traditional paper filing systems in their work, or more commonly, a computer data entry system. Other functions human resources assistants may fu lfill include setting appointments, arranging meetings, maintaining calendars, copying files, entering data into computer systems and tracking payments or other financial information.Assistants may also be required to write reports for their managers, compile spreadsheets and prepare presentations. Because they work with the public, human resource assistants must be able to present themselves well and have good communication skills. Assistants must also be aware of privacy concerns and the importance of keeping information confidential. References: Education Portal http://education-portal. com/articles/Human_Resources_Assistant_Job_Description_Duties_and_Requirements. html Career Builder http://www. careerbuilder. com/? cbRecursionCnt=1

Black People and Family Support Essay

The text â€Å"Dougy† by James Moloney captures interest of the young reader because of some of the main themes such as Family Support, Racial Conflict, Racial Discrimination and Determination, which is happening all around us today. One of the important themes in the book is Family support. Dougy and Gracey are from a very close family and are always there for each other. An example of this is when Gracey goes to Brisbane and her families supporting her run. Mum stretched out her arm around Graceys shoulder and hugged her close for a second. â€Å"You wont come last, Gracey, â€Å" she said. Another example is when Dougy is supporting Gacey on the hall roof waiting to be picked up by the helicopter. The quote for that example is â€Å"The Moodaguddas got Gracey. He’s taken her back into the water. The have to help her. † Looking after happens a lot throughout this novel and this is called family support. Another important theme in â€Å"Dougy† is Racial Conflict. Racial conflict arises in the book when the white people think they’re superior to the aborigines. An example of this is when Craig is upset with Raymond’s dad because he doesn’t pull his weight at work and Craig never gets to see his dad. â€Å"Your fathers never here and when he is he’s always drunk, he never does anything. † One more example of Racial conflict is when is when Cooper is in the hall having an argument with Dougy, Brett, Gracey and Tiny. The quote for this is â€Å"Johnny Warren hasn’t done a thing. None of the blokes have. Hell they haven’t† shouted Cooper. There’s already one man been shot one on our side. † Racial Conflict happens everyday in Dougys town and gets so serious it ends up a war. Another theme in †Dougy† is Racial Discrimination. Racial Discrimination is the way of life in Dougys town with the whites and the blacks. An example of this is when Dougys mum wanted to get into a taxi but the taxi driver didn’t trust her because of her skin colour. â€Å"I want to be sure you have cash on you. Sometimes I’ve driven YOU people around and gotten no money at the end. Another example of in the book â€Å"Dougy† is in Dougys town where the white people own everything and own the higher positions. â€Å"No blacks in our town were the boss of anything always the whites. † Racial Discrimination happens a lot in Dougys town and Dougy has to put up with it and cope. Determination is a theme not only found in the book but in everyday life. An example of this is when Gracey wants to run at state despite what the white kids say. â€Å"Gracey, you cant afford to run â€Å" Gracey just ignored those white kids say. Another example is when Dougy is trying to find Gracey when she’s in the water. â€Å"The Moodagudda has sucked her in. We have to find her† Determination is a big part of Dougys personality. The novel Dougy deals with many issues that relate to aboriginal people living in contemporary society through the experiences of Dougy and his family. We become more aware of the Aboriginal perspective as the novel explores the theme of Racial discrimination, Racial Conflict, Family Support and Determination. By Steve Jedrzejczak

Become a Freelance Writer While Still in College

Become a Freelance Writer While Still in College Washing dishes. Flipping burgers. Stocking shelves. Ringing up purchases. These are some common part-time jobs for college students. Restaurants and stores offer evening and weekend hours that dont interfere with class schedules. Have you considered working from your dorm room instead? If youre good at English, you can become a freelance writer while youre still in college. All you need is your computer and an Internet connection. Here are some tips to get you started. Brush Up on Your Writing Skills Even if youre pretty good at spelling, grammar, and punctuation, theres a lot more to high-quality professional writing. Online content might need to be coded with header tags or peppered with search-engine-friendly keywords. Effective ad copywriting requires a good knowledge of marketing and psychology. If you havent had an opportunity to take writing-specific courses through your English department, you can find plenty of short online classes at a relatively low cost. Clients like to see good credentials when they review your profile, so adding a writing class or two can get you noticed. Lynda.com offers short classes in e-learning, social media marketing, and many other modern fields that require professional writers. Udemy offers a number of writing classes, from copywriting to comedy writing. About.com and similar sources offer many free articles, so you can refresh yourself on grammar or learn new skills. Obtain the Style Guides that Pertain to Your Niche Today, many clients expect freelance writers to serve as their own editors and proofreaders. Here are the resources youll need when checking your work. The Chicago Manual of Style is appropriate for literature, such as fiction and creative nonfiction. The AP Stylebook is best for journalism and most online writing, such as fixed web content and blog posts. Ask your client if he or she has a house style guide or sheet. This list of specific preferences and special terms supersedes the style manual youre using. Check Out Online Freelancing Agency Sites You may be able to find some local jobs through a Craigslist ad or word of mouth. However, so many clients hire freelance essay writers through online agencies that youd be doing yourself a disservice not to sign up with one. Take a few minutes to set up your professional profile, and then wait for job alerts to come to you. If you have time, you can spend time actively searching for opportunities. Fiverr is a great place to get started. Freelancers offer a number of services that cost $5. You could advertise, say, a product description, tagline, or short About Us webpage for that set amount. Guru is the virtual workplace of choice for more than 1.5 million members. Competition is tough, as its a global marketplace. People from other countries may bid on the same jobs at a far lower rate. Be confident and persistent, and eventually, youll win that first assignment. Bookmark These Commonly Used Tools for Writers Copyscape is software that checks your writing for plagiarism. Even if you havent knowingly copied anything, youll always want to run your work through this software before submitting it. Many clients reject content that is flagged by Copyscape- even for one sentence. The Premium version of the software is very inexpensive and worth every penny. Readability Score lets you check your content to determine the level of reading ease (or difficulty). Dont assume that everybody is as good a reader as you are. Most newspapers and online content should be easy enough for the average eighth-grader to comprehend. Freelance writing may sound like an easy or glamorous job, but its just like any other job. Sure, you might be able to work at 1 a.m. in your pajamas, but youll also have to deal with undercutting, rejection, and some difficult clients. If youre passionate about writing, though, get started in a freelance career. It will be a great experience to add to your resume when you graduate.

Patrick Henry, an American Revolutionary Patriot

Patrick Henry, an American Revolutionary Patriot Patrick Henry was more than just a lawyer, patriot, and orator; he was one of the great leaders of the American Revolutionary War who is best known for the quote â€Å"Give me liberty or give me death†, yet this leader never held a national political office. Although Henry was a radical leader in opposition to the British, he refused to accept the new U.S. government and is considered instrumental for the passage of the Bill of Rights. Early Years Patrick Henry was born in  Hanover County, Virginia  on May 29, 1736,  to John and Sarah Winston Henry.  Patrick was born on a plantation which had belonged to his mother’s family for a long time. His father was a Scottish immigrant who attended Kings College at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland and whom also educated Patrick at home.  Patrick was the second oldest of nine children. When Patrick was fifteen, he managed a store his father owned, but this business soon failed. As were many of this era, Patrick grew up in a religious setting with an uncle who was an Anglican minister and his mother would take him to Presbyterian services. In 1754, Henry married Sarah Shelton and they had six children before her death in 1775.  Sarah had a dowry which was a 600-acre tobacco farm which also included a house with six slaves.  Henry was unsuccessful as a farmer and in 1757 the house was destroyed by a fire. After selling the slaves, Henry was also unsuccessful as a storekeeper. Henry studied law on his own, as was customary at that time in colonial America. In 1760, he passed his attorney’s examination in Williamsburg, Virginia before a group of the most influential and famous Virginia lawyers including Robert Carter Nicholas, Edmund Pendleton, John and Peyton Randolph, and George Wythe. Legal and Political Career In 1763, Henry’s reputation as not only a lawyer but also who was able to captivate an audience with his oratory skills was secured with the famous case known as â€Å"Parson’s Cause.†Ã‚  Colonial Virginia had passed a law regarding payment for ministers which resulted in decreasing their income.  The ministers complained which caused King George III to overturn it. A minister won a lawsuit against the colony for back pay and it was up to a jury to determine the amount of damages. Henry convinced the jury to only award a single farthing (one penny) by arguing that a king would veto such a law was nothing more than â€Å"a tyrant who forfeits the allegiance of his subjects.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Henry was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1765 where he became one the earliest argue against the Crown’s oppressive colonial policies.  Henry gained fame during the debate over the Stamp Act of 1765 which negatively impacted mercantile trade in the North American colonies by requiring almost every paper used by colonists were to be printed on  stamped paper  that was produced in London and contained an embossed  revenue stamp. Henry argued that on Virginia should have the right to levy any taxes on its’ own citizens. Although some believed that Henry’s comments were treasonous, once his arguments were published in other colonies, the displeasure with British rule began to flourish. American Revolutionary War Henry used his words and rhetoric in a way that made him  a driving force behind the revolt against Britain.  Although Henry was very well educated, he was to discuss his political philosophies into words that the common man could easily grasp and make as their own ideology as well. His oratory skills helped to have him selected in 1774 to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia where he not only served as a delegate but is where he met Samuel Adams.  At the Continental Congress, Henry united the colonists stating that The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers and New Englanders, are no more. I am not a Virginian, but an American. In March 1775 at the Virginia Convention, Henry made the argument for taking military action against Britain with what is commonly referred to as his most famous speech proclaiming that Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? ... Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death! Shortly after this speech, the American Revolution  began on April 19, 1775, with the â€Å"shot heard around the world† at Lexington and Concord.  Although Henry was immediately named as commander in chief of Virginias forces, he quickly resigned this post preferring to stay in Virginia where he aided in drafting the states constitution and becoming its’ first governor in 1776. As governor, Henry aided George Washington by supplying troops and much-needed provisions.  Although Henry would resign after serving three terms as governor, he would serve two more terms in that position in the mid-1780s.  In 1787, Henry chose not to attend the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia which resulted in the drafting of a new Constitution. As an  Anti-Federalist, Henry opposed the new Constitution arguing that this document would not only promote a corrupt government but that the three branches would compete with each other for more power leading to a tyrannical federal government.  Henry also objected to the Constitution because it did not contain any freedoms or rights for individuals. At the time, these were commonplace in state constitutions which were based on the Virginia model that Henry helped to write and which explicitly listed the individual rights of citizens that were protected. This was in direct opposition to the British model which did not contain any written protections. Henry argued against Virginia ratifying the Constitution as he believed that it did not protect states rights.  However, in an 89-to-79 vote, Virginia lawmakers ratified the Constitution. The Final Years In 1790 Henry chose to be a lawyer over public service, turning down appointments to the United States Supreme Court, Secretary of State and U.S. Attorney General.  Instead, Henry enjoyed that he had a successful and thriving legal practice as well as spending with his second wife, Dorothea Dandridge, who he had married in 1777. Henry also had seventeen children who were born between his two wives. In 1799, fellow Virginian George Washington persuaded Henry to run for a seat in the Virginia legislature.  Although Henry won the election, he died on June 6, 1799, at his â€Å"Red Hill† estate prior to ever taking office.  Henry is commonly referred to as one of the great revolutionary leaders who lead to the formation of the United States.

Two Things †Branding and Writers Block

Two Things – Branding and Writers Block Of course youre wondering what these two have to do with each other. Actually its more about what they have in common. For the first time in my career, I see writing income sliding to a new level I feel it will not recover from. What Im trying to say is that the effort you put into your writing business last year isnt enough for this year. To make the same income, you have to work harder and smarter. The competition is fierce. Whether you hate traditional or indie matters not anymore because authors on both sides are hurting. Incomes are down. Its harder than ever to be heard and seen, much less read. Why such a morbid post? Look at the title of this post again. Its like youre in a mob. Ever seen that commercial about the little door that data is trying to run through, only to see people pile atop one another unable to get through? Then the advertiser talks about a bigger door that allows all data to go through? Well, were at that stage where the door (the reader) is tiny. Authors are that mob. Only some will get through. Thats why branding is super critical right now. I listen to long-time, mid-list authors complain these days about how their incomes are way down, but they are doing the same thing theyve always done. Thats the problem. They are doing the same thingmarketing some, maybe posting on FB three times a week, thinking what worked in 2005 still works now. You cannot be seen without being different. You cannot be heard without noise, a dfferent kind of noise, because God knows its noisy out there. You need a brand, and when you figure out what it is, then you need to sling it and work it hard. Daily. Yep, daily. Now, that brings us to the other topic: writers block. In this day where Amazon accepts thousands of books per day to its database, you cannot sit back and profess to have writers block. Like your marketing, you need to write daily. Block NEVER stops you from writing. Somewhere in your head it makes you think you cant write, but guess what? Your brain and hands still work . . . so write. With the sea of writers out there writing daily, youll be soon forgotten otherwise. Sorry for the rant, but Im seeing good writers, long-time writers, being run over

The correlation between race and child obesity Research Paper

The correlation between race and child obesity - Research Paper Example Many researches have been carried out to understand the reason behind the increase in prevalence of obesity among children. The aim of this paper is to compare two articles discussing the research about the role of racial background in the development of obesity among children. The validity of the information in an article depends not only on the credentials of the author but also on the efforts taken by the author to reach the depth of the topic discussed. The two articles that are included in the study are: 1) â€Å"Racial and Ethnic Differentials in Overweight and Obesity Among 3-Year-Old Children† by Kimbro, Brooks-Gunn and McLanahan and, 2) â€Å"UCSF study finds racial gaps in child obesity† by Allday. The analysis of the articles â€Å"Racial and Ethnic Differentials in Overweight and Obesity Among 3-Year-Old Children† (by Kimbro, Brooks-Gunn and McLanahan) and â€Å"UCSF study finds racial gaps in child obesity† (by Allday), revealed that the racia l background is one of he major factors of development of obesity in a child as parents from different racial background harbor different beliefs about obesity and this influences the weight of a child. â€Å"Racial and Ethnic Differentials in Overweight and Obesity Among 3-Year-Old Children† by Kimbro, Brooks-Gunn and McLanahan, is an excellent article which provides an in depth information about the effect of racial background on the development of obesity in children. The authors of the article are qualified and have experience in the field of health science. The authors, Kimbro, Brooks-Gunn and McLanahan, are working with University of Wisconsin, Columbia University and Princeton University, respectively. Their experience has helped them to reach the depth of the topic by studying different aspects of children’s life which could affect the development of obesity in them. The study discussed in the article is comprehensive and is based on

Literary Analysis of a text within a particular context Essay

Literary Analysis of a text within a particular context - Essay Example In a sense, her dominance over the male characters can be considered as her fantasy -of being free and to act freely- that continually shrinks due to the male expectation of loyalty from a wife. Hedda comes from a higher socioeconomic class. But her husband is much lower than her class and still depends on Aunt Julie for financial support. This sense of superiority provokes her internally to demand an equal play in the family that is obviously more than what male notion of a woman’s loyalty allows. In this regard, Hedenskooq comments, â€Å"In Hedda, we find a woman who is strong, brazen, and independent, yet is determined to live her life through the context of the society around her. She is a woman caught in a vicious cycle of expectation and disappointment.† (325) One of Ibsen’s motivations to juxtapose the husband-band wife patriarchal structure of modern family system is to show his readers how money matters in women’s loyalty to husband and how a woman reacts to this juxtaposition. What the society considers as women’s happiness, namely the material happiness in her husband’s house is merely emotional death by materialism. Also women continually go on to sacrifice their own share of equal play, to fulfill the male expectation, under the disguise of the social ideology of â€Å"loyalty of a wife†. Since in Jurgen Tessman’s household, the financial happiness is evidently not present, the crust of loyalty has simply melted down and Hedda seems to seek more of dominance or at least of an equal play than being subservient to him. Again as male dominated society will still not allow her to play an equal share, she exerts dominance on others in Jurgen Tessman’s family. Hedda was not willing to marr y Tessman since he is economically depended on his Aunt Julie and since he is a member of a social that is lower than Hedda’s. But for some reasons she was forced to marry him. Indeed Hedda is the product of patriarchal society. In it, she

The Politics of Global Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Politics of Global Communications - Essay Example Globalization of communication dates back to the 1920s where initially it was spurred by international trade, expansion of media companies as well as colonialism. Politics in this era were characterized by the official opening of the US global communication policy. As noted by Kamalipour', ), information and communication technologies such as internet, mobile phones, satellite radio and television are used by political power houses to meet their propaganda all over the world. Global communication has changed the way politics are done by encouraging revolutionalization, for instance in global economy and ecology .Globalization allows politics to take a vast growth worldwide through non-governmental organizations, other integrated schemes and also through global movements. Of the most important technology in politics is telecommunication which is a process through which information is transferred. Telecommunication gives people options, especially to chose the ideologies to buy and the ones to discard (Kamalipour, 2002).Global communication has a great positive impact on politics because it helps in spreading politics across boarders through its' instruments such as radios, televisions, telegraphs among others. These can generally be termed as political instruments. Kamalipour (2002), highlights the political aspects of communication as vital in the global politics. Politics of global communication have contributed to the deterioration of diplomacy and often are responsible for many wars fought. Taking the example of the First World War; communication in form of wide coverage of radio, as well as heightened and increased public awareness something which resulted into public pressure on governments, coalitions. With the media reaching more people than ever before, and the general public turning into media for news on progress of wars, the way they perceive the outcome of war usually has a meaningful bearing in the destiny of whole societies. All the above results in the political interest of by the political elites in controlling flow of news. With ICT now virtually under control of political leaders the issue of security in regard to telecommunications, results into the design of communications strategy, communications intelligence, and cryptography which are important and decisive tools in times of war. This was evident as early as during the first and second World Wars. Since technological advancements have increased the speed of communications between nations of the world, this has had an effect of increased importance to governments. The fact that knowledge is power means that, always, governments seek to capitalize on the improved speed and availability of communications, basically to advance their control of power as well as to influence of their political adversaries. Therefore emergence of new trends which influence the political aspects of the not so new concept of global communications network in the period preceding the twentieth century is to blame for many wars fought in the 19th century. When critically examined, the evolution of technology resulted into fast and reliable communication over long distances in the form of electric telegraph in the late 19th century and internet in the 21st century. Although having internal networks is viable and less risky, network communications

Strategy Development Format of JB Hi-Fi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategy Development Format of JB Hi-Fi - Essay Example The company has to enhance its appeal to the target audience comprising consumers in the age group of 18-23 years and hence it has to emanate a youthful image that will ensure maximum footfall from these young, energetic individuals. The IMC strategies of JB Hi-Fi are centered on the fundamental objective that it has to draw the attention of its target audience through a lively atmosphere as well as consumer-friendly and helpful personnel that are dedicated to provide unparalleled customer delight. Moreover, the company must bank on its virtual consumer interface through an efficient website and electronic catalogues to enhance its brand awareness among customers. Other genres of media such as television, magazines, newspapers and periodicals will also be of great use in communicating the brand proposition of JB Hi-Fi and will help the company maximize its market penetration as well as brand image. JB Hi Fi is one of the largest Australian retailers of home entertainment products. Th e company offers some of the world’s most popular brands of speakers, Hi-Fi, DVDs, VCRs, car sound, cameras, home theatres, portable audios and computers. JB Hi Fi is also renowned for offering the largest range of recorded music, video games, DVD movies and DVD music. Products are available in both online store as well as traditional brick-and-mortar stores. It is revealed from the primary research that a major portion of JB customers are male. It is found that almost 67% of the customers are male.

Work Design Roles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Work Design Roles - Assignment Example Processes used in this regard by the Human Resource Managers include selection, development and the rewarding process which together form the key elements of an HRM cycle. However, one process that is closely related to all these key elements in the process of Job/Work design. Work Design can be defined as the process of specification of the responsibilities, methods as well as relationships of jobs in order to meet the technological and organizational requirements of a business organization as well as the personal requirement of job holders. It is important for Human Resource manager to understand the importance of work design in order to understand the effect that a particular role can have on the employee and on the organization. This report attempts to provide an understanding of how important is work design for employees, by detailing and differentiating between the roles of a Bookstore Manager and an LGV Lorry Driver (Barrett & Mayson, 2008). Human Resource managers use a number of approaches for work design within any organization. One of most commonly used approach is of Socio-Economic Theory. It specifies four basic principles, which according to its authors contribute majorly toward the optimum design of any role. These principles are Responsible autonomy, Adaptability, Whole Tasks and Meaningful Tasks. In the following lines, work design of a bookstore manager and an LGV Lorry driver are differentiated based on these principles (Miner, 2002). The position of bookstore manager is considered a senior position among management-level employees. This is because not only the store manager is responsible for the financial performance of the store, he/she is also responsible for developing and leading a team of employees that work at the store as well. Hence, this position not only requires significant management skills but also require leadership skills.  

Strategy Development Format of JB Hi-Fi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategy Development Format of JB Hi-Fi - Essay Example The company has to enhance its appeal to the target audience comprising consumers in the age group of 18-23 years and hence it has to emanate a youthful image that will ensure maximum footfall from these young, energetic individuals. The IMC strategies of JB Hi-Fi are centered on the fundamental objective that it has to draw the attention of its target audience through a lively atmosphere as well as consumer-friendly and helpful personnel that are dedicated to provide unparalleled customer delight. Moreover, the company must bank on its virtual consumer interface through an efficient website and electronic catalogues to enhance its brand awareness among customers. Other genres of media such as television, magazines, newspapers and periodicals will also be of great use in communicating the brand proposition of JB Hi-Fi and will help the company maximize its market penetration as well as brand image. JB Hi Fi is one of the largest Australian retailers of home entertainment products. Th e company offers some of the world’s most popular brands of speakers, Hi-Fi, DVDs, VCRs, car sound, cameras, home theatres, portable audios and computers. JB Hi Fi is also renowned for offering the largest range of recorded music, video games, DVD movies and DVD music. Products are available in both online store as well as traditional brick-and-mortar stores. It is revealed from the primary research that a major portion of JB customers are male. It is found that almost 67% of the customers are male.

Evaluate the impact of the internet on business Essay

Evaluate the impact of the internet on business - Essay Example Internet alone has been able to change the marketing strategies of several businesses and social media is one internet outlet that has really contributed heavily towards the evolution of new marketing activities. Electronic business which is often titled as e-business is a term used to refer to the huge range of business operations that are conducted online and these activities take place between stakeholders of a business that are located within and outside the organization (Columbus, 2000, p.240). One of the first organizations to define the concept of e-business was IBM. They stated that e-business is the alteration of significant business operations with the utilization of internet (Garbade, 2011, p.20). The term is even used to refer to kind of exchange or transaction that may take place between different parties through the means of internet and is quite different as compared to the traditional way of performing business activities in which the physical presence of both the buy ers and sellers used to be required. The success of e-business and the benefits of e-business to organizations can be realized through the e-commerce sales figure of $343 billion experienced by US businesses documented during the period of 2012 by Plunkett Research (Plunkettresearch.com, 2013). The importance of use of internet in marketing activities have been recognized as Plunkett Research figured out that during the period of 2012, 24% of all marketing activities conducted by US organizations was through online channels (Plunkettresearch.com, 2013). On the other hand are those who believe that internet has negatively impacted the world of business and measures should be taken to counter these negative impacts. This writing will argue that internet has more benefits to offer than disadvantages and if used in the appropriate manner, it can help business flourish. Body E-business has assisted businesses in reaching their target market in various methods and has even assisted busine sses in increasing their market shares with limited amount of investments. According to Boone, the internet has made it possible to reach various customers in several ways that were unknown to businesses before it evolution and the main benefit that has been identified by Boone is that internet has made it possible for businesses to cater to the needs of customers throughout the world (Boone, 2012, p.105). This means that internet has eliminated boundaries that divided countries from countries and restricted businesses to cater the need of limited number of people. The opponents argue that although internet has helped businesses cross domestic boundaries and has allowed even small scale businesses to operate in the global world, this feature of internet has increased the competition for local businesses and local businesses are shutting down due to their failure to compete. In my opinion, this is not necessarily a disadvantage and is rather an advantage for local businesses and has helped them in realizing that they need to operate in a much effective and efficient manner if they have to survive the competition. Internet has even assisted organizations in decreasing their expenditure on advertisement and marketing and this feature has even lead to increase in the power of the multinational organizations. Internet based advertising and promotion is almost free of cost. Basic level internet marketing such as creation of blogs and creation of WebPages on Facebook does not cost organizations a dime. If

Chance & Story Essay Example for Free

Chance Story Essay In third grade through sixth, I had a friend named Chance. We were best friends and often spent long days and nights over at each other’s house. Whenever I stayed at Chance’s, the house was filled with noise from the two of us and his six brothers and sisters. Chance’s family was Mormon, a religion that my family knew nothing about except the name. He once explained why his family was so large, but it made little sense to me at that time. During the summer between sixth and seventh grade Chance’s family moved away to Utah. I’ve learned a bit more about Mormons since but this assignment offered me an opportunity to learn more about the religion of my friend and how Mormons feel about how they are perceived in the United States, especially concerning the law and discrimination. Chance’s family was only one of many Mormons in my town and surrounding areas. Patty is a good friend of mine who attends the Mormon church in town since she was a baby, so through her I was able to find three people to interview. Her parents were not available, but she introduced me to a Mormon missionary Brian, a neighbor Barbara, and Chris, her mother’s home- teacher. Brian is twenty years old and is originally from Nova Scotia, Canada. He is currently nearing the end of his Mormon mission, which is a semi-required two year work for Mormon young men to an area chosen by the head church in Salt Lake City, Utah. He had just graduated high school when he began the training for the mission. His mission is to go door to door in the neighborhoods to share his beliefs and teach anyone interested about the basics of the church. Barbara is also not originally from this area. She was born and raised in Provo, Utah, which is where the Mormon university Brigham Young is located. She moved here ten years ago when her husband’s job transferred. She is forty-three years old, has five children between six and fifteen, has a college degree from BYU in marketing but doesn’t currently work outside her home, and has been married for twenty-three years. Chris is from this area and has lived here all of his fifty-six years. He is an elder at the church, has four children and sixteen grandchildren so far, works as a machine repairer, and volunteers for the church as a home-teacher in which he regularly visits church members for further teaching about the church. Having such different subjects to interview proved very interesting. Each shared that they have dealt with some sort of discrimination in their lifetimes as Mormons. They all indicated that the problems are rarely very serious and never violent, but are more subtle. Barbara notices the negative attitude towards Mormons most of the three because she lived for so long in Utah, which is heavily populated with Mormons, especially where she lived in Provo. She said that when the family moved, she was surprised to find that there are people who still believe Mormons are the many-wives religion. One woman at her children’s school even asked once if Barbara was one of several wives of her husband. Neither Brian nor Chris said that they have had this problem. Brian said his problem is more centered on his mission work. He has often heard people say ‘there go the two-by-twos. ’ The missionaries work in pairs, so he said the term stuck. For the most part, he says people are friendly towards him and often comment that Mormons are the nicest people they know, but very few choose to actually discuss the church’s teachings. Instead Brian and Chris both said that most people are interested in if Mormons are a cult that traps unsuspecting victims. Barbara also said this is something people have asked in round-about ways such as through her kids. All three said that it is often frustrating the poor view that they feel the majority of Americans have toward the Mormon Church. Barbara and Chris’s children mostly have other Mormon friends, and those that are not Mormon are seldom allowed to attend activities organized for the Mormon youth such as dances, outings, or sport activities if they are to be held at the church. They say that no one has said directly why the kids can’t attend, but all three believe that it is related to the negative view of the church. They all also indicated that any issues that arise are always social in nature, that they have never had a problem with employers or the law regarding discrimination. Interestingly, as I interviewed each person, I found myself also curious about the ‘oddities’ of the Mormon church. When Barbara mentioned the many-wives idea, I wanted to know more about it. So I was doing exactly what the three had said most people do: expressing curiosity about the strangeness instead of the good qualities of the church or its teachings. However, I did learn quite a bit about the basic structure of the church, why it is based in Utah, and how Mormons view the world and the after-life. Since the problems that Mormons experience are almost always social, it is a matter of slowly changing the public’s view of the church. Chris believes that the commercials the church has put on television have gone a long way in changing perceptions about the church. Brian said that attitudes are better in Canada towards the church most likely because it started in the USA, where it experienced a lot of discrimination in its beginnings. So it is a matter of time and continued sharing for the Mormon Church to be recognized as a legitimate religion and not as a cult.

Comparison of Working and Non-Working Mother Adolescents

Comparison of Working and Non-Working Mother Adolescents Relation Among Depression, Loneliness and Self-efficacy of Adolescents of Working and Non-Working Mother Sadia Afrin Summary The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relation among depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents of working and non-working mothers whether mother’s occupation has any effects on adolescent’s depression, loneliness and self-efficacy. Assess whether depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents differ by gender or not. The participants of the relevant study will be 100 adolescents of working mothers where 50 will male and 50 will female and 100 adolescents of non-working mothers where 50 will male and 50 will female between the age group of 15 to 18 years selected purposively by convenience sampling technique. To collect the data I will use Bangla Version (Pervin, 2007) of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, Dan, 1978), The Depression Scale (Rahman Uddin, 2005), and adopted Bengali Version (Ilyas, 2005) of Sherer’s (1982) General Self-Efficacy Scale. Descriptive and correlation statistical techniques will be employed to depict the quantitative data. Successful completion of the project will add a worthy picture of risk factors of adolescents. Introduction Adolescence comes from Latin word â€Å"adolescere† which means to grow up. It is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood. We all face different emotion, feeling in all over in our life. Depression is an emotional state marked by great sadness and apprehension, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities. So it is a state of low  mood  and aversion to activity that can affect a persons thoughts, behavior, feelings and  sense of well being. According to the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), about 11% of adolescents have a depressive disorder by age 18. Girls are experiencing depression more likely than boys. Depression in adolescents is probably under diagnosed because the symptoms can be difficult to recognize. Loneliness is an unpleasant experience that occurs when a network of social relationships of a person is significantly deficient whether qualitatively or quantitatively. This definition consists two points of agreement. First, loneliness comes from a deficiency in a persons social relationships. It happens when there is a mismatch between a persons actual social relations and the persons needs or desires for social contact. Second, loneliness is not synonymous with social isolation; it is person’s subjective experience. So it can be said that, Lonelinessis unpleasant and unexpected  emotional  response to isolation or separation or lack of companionship. Although loneliness comes time to time of all age but during adolescence (particularly early adolescence) it is stayed in peak because of many changes in social expectations, roles, relationships, and identities, which may increase the experience of loneliness. Self-efficacy one’s perceived capabilities for learning and performing actions at designated levels. It is the power or strength of ones belief in on es own ability to finish tasks and reach aims. According to Albert Bandura, self-efficacy is the belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations. In other words, self-efficacy is a person’s belief in his or her ability to succeed in a particular situation. Many researchers are counting academic competence as self efficacy which begins to decline in grade 7 or earlier. Research in where using longer depression scales such as the Beck Depression Inventory also find a strong relationship between loneliness and depression. The consistent association of loneliness and depression Bragg (1979) proposed a distinction between depressed loneliness and non-depressed loneliness. In a study of college students, Bragg found that depressed loneliness was associated with fairly global negativity, seen in dissatisfaction with social relations, school, work, and many facets of life. In contrast, non-depressed lonely people expressed dissatisfaction only with their social relations; they were not necessarily unhappy about other aspects of their lives. Cognitive processes may also influence the loneliness-depression link. Lonely people who blame themselves for their social problems and who attribute their loneliness to unchangeable factors may be most prone to depression. Self-efficacy makes a difference to as how people feel, think, and act. High self-efficacy allow s individuals to choose challenging settings and explore their environment or create new ones. While Bandura (1997) reported that a low self-efficacy is associated with a low self-esteem, Heslin and Klehe (2006) noted that self-efficacy is related to the experience of stress and work burnout. Specifically, low self-efficacy can lead to a sense of helplessness and hopelessness about ones capability of self-esteem. Dussault and Deaudelin (2001) found a negative correlation between self-efficacy and loneliness (r = .25). This finding suggests that loneliness is more likely exists in people who have lower self-efficacy. Every moment mothers are working for children, in this study working mother indicating them who are attached with job, business almost five years at this time and non-working means mothers who are only housewives. According to Raymond Montemayor Mark D. Clayton (1967), maternal employment might be more likely to result in problems for adolescents when it takes place in the context of family instability, undesirable peer influences and lack of maternal supervision. Lakhe (2003) completed a study which has the aim to see the social adjustment of the adolescents of working and non-working mothers. The result was found that adolescent’s total level of adjustments of working mother is higher than non-working mother. Suprerna Khanna studied on relationship between emotional intelligence and social maturity of adolescent children of working and non-working mothers. This study also found significant social maturity in adolescent children of working mothers than non-working mothers. Rationale of the study: In Bangladesh, there are almost 27.7million adolescents’. Among them, a significant numbers are suffering different mental health problems like anxiety, depression, stress, loneliness, low self-efficacy etc. In previous study we saw that adolescents whose mothers work in outside will suffer more mental health problems such as depression, loneliness and low self-efficacy than the adolescents whose mother stay in home. The rationale of the study is that, at first we measure whether the adolescents of working women and non-working women differ in the level of depression, loneliness and self-efficacy. If there found any differences then we say that there may remain some risk factors towards the differences in depression, loneliness and self-efficacy regarding their working status (working women, non-working women). The findings of the proposed study might help the improvement of adolescent’s life. Adolescent’s loneliness and self-efficacy are correlated with depression. If their loneliness is high or low then their depression will be high or low. And it also hypothesized that high-low self-efficacy is also correlated with low-high depression. If these correlations are founded the further extensive study on those areas will lead to explore risk factors and positive factors. Statistics shows that 30 percent of teens with depression also develop a substance abuse problem, lonely teens struggle with relationships and more dangerous thing is untreated depression is the number one cause of suicide, so if we can assume that adolescent child of working mother has these risk factors we can prevent these factors and also working mothers can concerns about their children and they can make different environment where child can not feel lonely, do not be depressed and make high self efficacy. Objectives of the study: The objectives of the present study are to: Investigate the relationship among depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents of working and non-working mothers. Whether mother’s occupation has any effects on adolescent’s depression, loneliness and self-efficacy. Assess whether depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents differ by gender. Method Research Design Cross sectional study. Quantitative research, Random individual interview. Sample Size and Participants Almost 50 thousands of adolescents of Dhaka City are population in this study. The present study will be conducted on 200 adolescents where 100 will be working mother’s adolescents and 100 will be non-working mother’s adolescents who will be selected purposively but some will be selected conveniently and randomly. First I will select the school or college conveniently where I can collect data easily and then select a class randomly, I select the students purposively (criteria mother’s occupation, gender). A total of 200 adolescents (male and female) will be taken from Rajuk Uttara Model College by convenience sampling technique. The age of the respondents was between 15 to 18 years. Distributions of participants are given in the table 1. Table 1 Distribution of participants Adolescents (Working Mother) Adolescents (Non-Working Mother) Male 50 50 Female 50 50 Total 100 100 = 200 Instruments Demographic and personal information questionnaire: By this questionnaire, the data on age, gender, educational background, no. of siblings, family status, father’s occupation, and mother’s occupation’s details (job/business, duration, place), mothers’ age, mother’s educational background will be collected. Bangla Version (Pervin, 2007) of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, Dan, 1978): The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale was developed to measure loneliness. It is a 20 items 4 point Likert type scale. 20 items of English version were translated into Bengali. Each of the 20 items is scored such that 1 indicates lack of loneliness and a 4 indicates high level of loneliness. Thus, total scores of the scale can range from 20 to 80. Higher score means high level of loneliness and lower score means low feelings of loneliness. The Depression Scale (Rahman Uddin, 2005): The depression scale was constructed to measure depression in the context of Bangladesh. It consisted of 30 items or statements. The answer options for each item of the scale were according to 5 point rating scale. Sum of all values indicated total score on the scale. The highest possible score of 30-items form of depression scale is 150 and the lowest possible score is 30. Higher score indicates higher depression and lower score indicates low level of depression. Adapted Bangla Version (Ilyas, 2005) of Sherer et. al.’s (1982) General Self-Efficacy Scale: This scale was used to measure degree of agreement with perceived personal ability to affect outcomes in various situations. It was a 17 items 5 point Likert type scale where scores ranged between 1(strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). 6 of the 17 items were negative and for these items the scoring was reversed. Total score in the scale ranged from 17-85 with higher score representing higher self-efficacy. Procedure: Necessary demographic information sheet will be prepared first; the standard data collection procedure will be followed with a view to obtaining data about depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents of working and non-working mothers. First, the participants will sit in a room and then a brief description will be given about the questionnaire. They will be also instructed not to discuss about anything with one another while answering the questions and they will be assured that their opinions would be kept as confidential. The questionnaire with bio-data form was administered individually and they will ask to answer all the questions by giving tick marks. Once the answers will be collected, the respondents will be thanked for their kind co-operation. I will code and analyze the collected data by using computer software SPSS version 16.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethics Absence of the Ethical Committee I will not be able to collect Ethical Approval, but I will collect the permission of the Principle and Authority of the collage. I will also collect the consent of the students verbally. Data Analyses A descriptive analysis will be conducted of the variables such as gender, age, mother’s occupation. Then t-test analysis will be carried out to find out the differences between male and female adolescents. After that I will apply correlation statistics to find out the relationship among depression, loneliness and self-efficacy. Then a multiple regression analysis will be carried out to see how much depression, loneliness affect self-efficacy. Time Frame Annex 1 Objective-Data Collection Method analysis

Goodman vs Robin Essay -- Essays Papers

Goodman vs Robin Short stories, when written by the same author, vary by subject but sometimes contain similar themes. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an entertaining writer who wrote many such stories. Two among his works have some striking similarities. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"My Kinsman, Major Molineux† both were written within three years of each other by Hawthorne (1832-1835). The biggest similarities between the stories were with the main character of each. Robin from â€Å"My Kinsman, Major Molineux† and Brown from â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† were both young men on a journey that took them through a single night. Both men held some innocent or naà ¯ve worldviews. Both had idealistic views of people that were proven to be untrue. Both men experienced events that should be perceived as symbolic. However, each man met a different fate. Both Robin and Brown took journeys that changed their lives forever. Both of these journeys took place mostly under the cover of darkness. That was symbolic of the naivetà © of both men. Both men met a series of people on their journey that turned up later in a different light. Robin met a large man in an inn. When he later saw him again, he saw the man as man with a two-toned black and red face. The change was only a symbolic one that reflected Robin’s view of the evil of the man. Brown experienced something similar with the character Goody Cloyse, who he thought a devote Christian. Later, he saw her on the road chatting with the ...

CSSA

First of all, the Government starts to create labeling the SACS recipient for reducing t Eire expenditure or other purposes. In 1998, there Is a review on SACS was done by Social welfare Department. [ 1 | The review is full of â€Å"Having a Job is better than none†, â€Å"Low wage is better than no wage†,†SACS should be the last choice† and these kinds of statements against the SACS recipients. Actually, those negative and misleading messages are continuous spreading to the public by the government by different means from the past to now.Thus, the public have an image that there were many people abusing SACS, â€Å"SACS feeds the lazy As we all know, Hong Congers believed on self alliance. When the Government implies that SACS feeds the lazy, Hong Kong people would have negative feeling on SACS recipient s as their act was against the beliefs of Hong Kong people-cleanliness. Secondly, the Mass Media had helped the labeling act. The reports done by the medi a a about the SACS recipients are mostly negative, e. G. Buses of SACS, crimes of the SACS recall .NET, the increasing expenditure of SACS which claimed because of the abuse of SACS, From the attitude of media, we can see that the SACS recipients were treated as offend deer. The SACS recipients are considered as lazy and abusing SACS. Due to the rule create d and applied by the society, the action of applying SACS became a deviant behavior and pee pole labeled the SACS recipients as outsiders. The public had misunderstanding and no idea on the situation of the abuse of SACS.Most of them are affected by the media, thus they label the SACS recipients as the media did. From a survey on public views on SACS recipients[2], 82% of interviewees got the information of SACS from the media. 50. 6% of them agreed that â€Å"SACS feeds the lazy'. In fact the reapportion of unemployed SACS recipients among all the SACS Recipient is Just ABA UT 10% recently. It is better to say that â€Å"SACS is feeding the needs† but not lazy. Most of the labeling act in the public was due to misunderstanding and stereotyping.In fact, there are Just a small proportional of unemployed SACS recipients among all the CSS recipients. â€Å"SACS feeds the lazy' is not support by the fact. That matches what outside theory said,† Some people may be labeled deviant who in fact have not broken a rule. Furthermore, social exclusion is another effect of labeling. Form a survey on psychology kcal conditions of children of the SACS Recipients[4] and a survey on SACS recipients' self images, we can notice that labeling could badly affect the psychological conditions an d the self images of the people being labeling.These people felt negative on themselves. A bout 70 % of them thought that there were less and fewer friends that they could talk with an d their friends would make discrimination against them. More than half of them thought that t their friends would look down on them. Also, 7 0% of them are afraid of being known by 10th errs that they are SACS recipient. These made them don't want to contact with the others. As a result, they isolated themselves from the others.They don't want to contact with their friends, their family or even the society. Finally lead to social exclusion. They were bee Eng excluded from the society. To conclude, the government and the media help to give a meaning of applying SACS alleged abuse and laziness (labeling). That leads to the problem of misunderstanding of the public and the social exclusion. In fact, applying SACS is not a bad behavior as most o f the SACS recipients need it to support their basic needs.

The Ka and Molar Mass of a Monoprotic Weak Acid

The Ka and Molar Mass of a Monoprotic Weak Acid Chemistry Lab 152 Professor: James Giles November 7, 2012 Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the pKa, Ka, and molar mass of an unknown acid (#14). The pKa was found to be 3. 88, the Ka was found to be 1. 318 x 10 -4, and the molar mass was found to be 171. 9 g/mol. Introduction Acids differ considerable as to their strength. The difference between weak and strong acids can be as much as 10 orders of magnitude.Strong acids dissociate more completely than weak acids, meaning they produce higher concentrations of the conjugate base anion (A-) and the hydronium cation (H30+) in solution. HA(aq) + H20 (( A- + H3O+ With the following formula the degree to which an acid dissociates (Ka) can be calculated and given a numerical value. Ka = [A-][H3O+] / [HA] Ka is the conventional way of measuring an acid’s strength. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the Ka of an unknown acid, along with its pKa and mol ar mass. Experimental The unknown acid for this experiment was #14.The experiment began with the preparation and standardization of NaOH solution. It was calculated that 2. 00 grams of NaOH pellets were needed to prepare 0. 5 L of 0. 1 M NaOH solution. The solution was then standardized by conducting three titration trials. It was calculated that 0. 7148 grams of KHP were necessary to neutralize 35 mL of the 0. 1 M NaOH. Three samples of KHP were weighed approximating this number (Table 1). Each sample was mixed with 40 mL of deionized water and 2 drops of phenolphthalein in 3 Erlenmeyer flasks. Each flask was then titrated with the NaOH to a light pink endpoint.The volumes of NaOH were recorded, averaged, and the standardized. The molarity of the NaOH was found to be 0. 0981. Assuming a molar mass of 100 g/mol, it was calculated that 0. 3930 g of acid was needed to neutralize 40 mL of the standardized NaOH solution. This amount was weighed out on an electronic balance to full preci sion and added to a clean 250 mL beaker. The acid was first diluted with 10 mL of isopropanol and then 90 mL of water. A pH meter was immersed in the acid solution and an initial pH reading of 2. 61 was recorded.A buret filled with the NaOH solution was incrementally added to the acid solution and the changing pH values were recorded (Table 2). As the pH meter approached the equivalence point the amount of NaOH added each time was reduced. As the Table 2 shows, the pH rose significantly with the addition of little NaOH over this interval. This information was plotted using Graphical Analysis producing a titration curve graph of pH vs. NaOH (Graph 1). Additional calculations and graphs were produced to help identify the equivalence point: ? pH/? V vs. NaOH (Graph 2) and Vtotal x 10-ph vs. NaOH (Graph 3) Tables and CalculationsPreparation of 500 mL of 0. 1 M NaOH M = moles / volume 0. 1 M NaOH = moles NaOH / 0. 5 L H20 = 0. 05 moles NaOH 0. 05 moles NaOH x 39. 986 g/mol NaOH = 1. 99 g NaOH Preparation of KHP 0. 1 M NaOH = moles NaOH / 0. 035 mL NaOH = . 0035 moles NaOH 0. 0035 moles KHP x 204. 233 g/mole KHP = 0. 7148 g KHP Table 1: NaOH Titration Trials |Trial |KHP |NaOH (to titrate to endpoint) | | |(grams) |(mL) | |1 |0. 7159 |35. 75 | |2 |0. 7147 |35. 65 | |3 |0. 7149 |35. | | | | Avg. 35. 66 | Standardization of NaOH 0. 0035 moles NaOH / . 03566 mL NaOH = 0. 0981 M NaOH Table 2: pH vs. NaOH Values |NaOH |pH |NaOH |pH |NaOH |pH |NaOH |pH | |(mL) | |(mL) | |(mL) | |(mL) | | |0 |2. 61 |19. 2 |4. 54 |22. 15 |6. 56 |25. 4 |9. 74 | |2 |2. 94 |19. 4 |4. 58 |22. 2 |6. 2 |25. 9 |9. 82 | |4 |3. 18 |19. 6 |4. 61 |22. 25 |6. 87 |26. 4 |9. 96 | |5 |3. 3 |19. 8 |4. 65 |22. 3 |6. 98 |26. 9 |10. 02 | |6 |3. 4 |20 |4. 68 |22. 35 |7. 06 |27. 4 |10. 11 | |7 |3. 49 |20. 2 |4. 72 |22. 4 |7. 14 |28. 4 |10. 21 | |8 |3. 58 |20. 4 |4. 77 |22. 5 |7. 24 |29. 4 |10. 1 | |9 |3. 66 |20. 6 |4. 84 |22. 6 |7. 44 |31. 4 |10. 46 | |10 |3. 73 |20. 8 |4. 88 |22. 7 |7. 58 |33. 4 |10. 58 | |11 | 3. 88 |21 |4. 94 |22. 8 |7. 73 |35. 4 |10. 67 | |12 |3. 91 |21. 2 |5. 02 |22. 9 |7. 89 |36. 4 |10. 75 | |13 |3. 97 |21. 4 |5. 11 |23 |8. 03 |39. 4 |10. 87 | |14 |4. 04 |21. |5. 25 |23. 1 |8. 17 |42. 4 |10. 96 | |15 |4. 11 |21. 7 |5. 32 |23. 2 |8. 38 |44. 4 |11. 02 | |16 |4. 19 |21. 8 |5. 45 |23. 3 |8. 51 | | | |16. 5 |4. 24 |21. 85 |5. 52 |23. 4 |8. 65 | | | |17 |4. 29 |21. 9 |5. 62 |23. 6 |8. 92 | | | |17. 5 |4. 34 |21. 95 |5. 71 |23. 8 |9. 9 | | | |18 |4. 4 |22 |5. 86 |24. 1 |9. 27 | | | |18. 5 |4. 45 |22. 05 |6. 1 |24. 4 |9. 39 | | | |19 |4. 52 |22. 1 |6. 4 |24. 9 |9. 62 | | | Graph 1: pH vs. NaOH Titration Curve [pic] Estimated volume of NaOH at equivalence point based on titration curve: 22. 30 mL NaOH. Table 3: ? pH/? V vs. NaOH Values |NaOH |? pH/? V |NaOH |? pH/? V |NaOH |? pH/?V |NaOH |? pH/? V | |(mL) | |(mL) | |(mL) | |(mL) | | |2 |0. 12 |19. 2 |0. 2 |22. 1 |3. 2 |24. 4 |0. 46 | |4 |0. 12 |19. 4 |0. 15 |22. 15 |3. 2 |24. 9 |0. 24 | |5 |0. 1 |19. 6 |0. 2 |22. 2 |3 |25. 4 | 0. 16 | |6 |0. 09 |19. 8 |0. 15 |22. 25 |2. 2 |25. 9 |0. 28 | |7 |0. 9 |20 |0. 2 |22. 3 |1. 6 |26. 4 |0. 12 | |8 |0. 08 |20. 2 |0. 2 |22. 35 |1. 6 |26. 9 |0. 18 | |9 |0. 07 |20. 4 |0. 35 |22. 4 |1 |27. 4 |0. 1 | |10 |0. 15 |20. 6 |0. 2 |22. 5 |2 |28. 4 |0. 1 | |11 |0. 03 |20. 8 |0. 3 |22. 6 |1. 4 |29. 4 |0. 075 | |12 |0. 06 |21 |0. |22. 7 |1. 5 |31. 4 |0. 06 | |13 |0. 07 |21. 2 |0. 45 |22. 8 |1. 6 |33. 4 |0. 045 | |14 |0. 07 |21. 4 |0. 7 |22. 9 |0. 1 |35. 4 |0. 08 | |15 |0. 08 |21. 6 |0. 7 |23 |1. 4 |36. 4 |0. 04 | |16 |0. 1 |21. 7 |1. 3 |23. 1 |2. 1 |39. 4 |0. 03 | |16. 5 |0. 1 |21. 8 |1. 4 |23. 2 |1. |42. 4 |0. 03 | |17 |0. 1 |21. 85 |2 |23. 3 |1. 4 | | | |17. 5 |0. 12 |21. 9 |1. 8 |23. 4 |1. 35 | | | |18 |0. 1 |21. 95 |3 |23. 6 |0. 85 | | | |18. 5 |0. 14 |22 |4. 8 |23. 8 |0. 3 | | | |19 |0. 1 |22. 05 |6 |24. 1 |0. 4 | | |Graph 2: ? pH/? V vs. NaOH [pic] Estimated volume of NaOH at equivalence point based on ? pH/? V vs. NaOH graph: 22. 30 mL NaOH. Table 4: Vtotal x 10-ph vs. NaOH Values |NaOH |Vtotal x 10-ph |NaOH |Vtotal x 10-ph | |(mL) | |(mL) | | |19. 8 |0. 000443 |21. 6 |0. 000121 | |20 |0. 000417 |21. 7 |0. 000104 | |20. 2 |0. 000385 |21. 8 |7. 70E-05 | |20. 4 |0. 000346 |21. 85 |6. 60E-05 | |20. 6 |0. 000298 |21. 9 |5. 0E-05 | |20. 8 |0. 000274 |21. 95 |4. 30E-05 | |21 |0. 000241 |22 |3. 00E-05 | |21. 2 |0. 000202 |22. 05 |1. 80E-05 | |21. 4 |0. 000166 | | | Graph 3: Vtotal x 10-ph vs. NaOH [pic] Estimated volume NaOH at equivalence point based on Vtotal x 10-ph vs. NaOH graph: 22. 20 mL NaOH Calculating Ka of Unknown Acid pH at ? equivalence point volume: 3. 88 Ka = 10 -3. 88 = 1. 318 x 10 -4 Ka = 1. 318 x 10-4 Calculating the Molar Mass of the Unknown Acid 0. 0981 M NaOH = moles acid / . 02330 L NaOH = 0. 023 moles acid 0. 3930 g acid / 0. 0023 moles acid = 171. 9 g/mol Analysis of Error There is a high degree of agreement among the 3 graphs and therefore a low degree of error in this experiment. According to the Graphical Analysis program, Graphs 1 and 2 indicated that the total volume of NaOH at the equivalence point was 22. 30 mL. Graph 3 indicated a volume of 22. 20 mL, a difference of 0. 1 mL. Discussion Based upon the range of possible values for Ka, anywhere from 3. 2 x 109 for Hydroiodic acid (one of the strongest) to 5. 8 x 10-10 for Boric acid (one of the weakest), this experiment’s unknown acid solution (Ka = 1. 18 x 10-4) falls roughly in the lower quarter of strength. This estimate fits its titration curve. In general, strong acids quickly go from a very low pH to a very high pH, e. g. , 2 to 12, while weak acids quickly go from a lower pH to a higher pH, e. g. , 6 to 10. The unknown solution for this experiment jump from 5 to 10 pH, which is consistent with a Ka of 1. 318 x 10-4 and a weaker acid. References Darrell D. Ebbing and Steven D Gammon, General Chemistry, 9th ed. Cengage Learning: Ohio, 2009. Department of Physical Science—Chemistry, Mesa Community College. The Ka and Molar Mass of a Monop rotic Weak Acid (handout).

Curley’s Wife Essay

The character of Curley’s Wife is one of the most significant characters in the book as she is linked to the key themes of loneliness and dreams, which ultimately leads to both her death and Lennie’s death. Steinbeck uses the character of Curley’s Wife as a microcosm for the prejudice that faced all women in 1930’s America. Like most of the main characters in the novel, Curley’s wife is significantly related to the theme of dreams. Her role in this theme is slightly more important than others, however, because of her position as the only female character on the farm. The fact that she is the only woman makes her opinions and actions representative of all women living in the Great American Depression. â€Å"Coulda been in the movies, an’ had nice clothes- all them nice clothes like they wear. An’ I coulda sat in them big hotels, an’ had pitchers took of me. † Here, we see how Curley’s Wife, despite not having a name, has dreams and still relies on those dreams as a way of escaping the loneliness in the farm. Curley’s Wife is a stereotype of many other women in 1930’s America who turned to men as a result of failed dreams, and chose to take the easy route rather than be crushed by America’s cruel judgement of women. Curley’s Wife is very significant to the ending of the novel as her death is the downfall of George, Lennie and Candy’s united dream. Without this death, George, Lennie and Candy may still have gone on to live their shared dream, but because of it George had to kill Lennie. The significance of Curley’s Wife is ironically also shown threw the insignificance with which the workers in the novel treat her. Within her very first introduction, Steinbeck offers a glimpse of her role as the promiscuous troublemaker and the way in which the other characters respond to this. George, in particular, illustrates how others judge or misconceive her solely because of her gender; †Jesus what a tramp, so that’s what Curley picks for a wife†. Here, Steinbeck uses George to represent the male population of America and their attitude to women in the 1930’s. The character of Curley’s Wife is particularly significant in this microcosm as she conveys the insignificance of women and their reliance on men to just ‘pick’ and drop them on their own accord. The disregard with which Curley’s Wife is treated continues through to the very lowest positions in the farm’s hierarchy. Despite being the daughter-in-law of the boss, Curley’s Wife still suffers abuse from George, Candy and even Lennie who often refer to her as â€Å"jail-bait† and a â€Å"tart†. These derogatory statements illustrate how Curley’s Wife is made to feel worthless solely because of her gender. Curley’s Wife is significant as she presents the backward attitude of most men in 1930’s America who were scared to treat women with respect for fear of evoking conflict and losing their job, something so hard to come by in the harsh economic times. Steinbeck uses the character of Curley’s Wife to convey her dysfunctional marriage, something that was common in 1930’s America. Curley disrespects his wife and she is constantly the source of his objectification. This is most evident through her name ‘Curley’s Wife’ which clearly conveys the hold and possessive nature that Curley has over her. Steinbeck’s use of withholding information here, also suggests that she is not deserving of her own name and highlights her inferior position on the farm. â€Å"I don’t like Curley. He ain’t a nice fella. † Here Steinbeck shows how Curley’s Wife did not marry for love and demonstrates a common situation in America where women often used their sexuality to get them married for stabilisation during the Great Depression. Curley’s Wife is also a symbol of the mistreatment of women. â€Å"Curley says he’s keeping that hand soft for his wife†. Here, we see how the other characters on the farm regard Curley’s wife as a mere sex object solely because of her gender and her dependency on her husband. This serves as a microcosm for 1930’s America, as the general consensus was that the sole purpose of women was to meet the needs of their husbands. A final way in which Curley’s Wife is significant in the novel is through her link to the theme of loneliness. Curley’s Wife is one of the loneliest characters in the novel, which is overlooked at first but becomes more apparent as the novel continues. â€Å"Why can’t I talk to you? I never get to talk to nobody. I get awful lonely. † Curley’s Wife is constantly rejected by her husband and to combat this she tries her best to attract the attention of the workers. She does this by going to extremes with her physical appearance; â€Å"She had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. † This shows her desperation to be noticed, which is understandable given the cruel judgement and disregard with which she and many other American women were faced. The loneliness of Curley’s Wife and her child-like search for attention was eventually the death of her. In her happiness at being noticed for once, Curley’s Wife misjudged Lennie’s capabilities, which was what ultimately led to her inevitable death. Curley’s Wife represents the lonely people in America and in the world whose cry for attention turns out to be their downfall. In conclusion Curley’s Wife is extremely significant to the novel and serves as a symbol for prejudice and objectification in 1930’s America. With the help of this character Steinbeck can clearly illustrate some of the novels key themes of loneliness, dreams and relationships from the perspective of the only woman in this novel.

Crisis management and its increasing importance in international Literature review - 1

Crisis management and its increasing importance in international operations - Literature review Example Crisis can also be referred to as the critical phase of a situation. It is essentially a time of instability which is soon to see a decisive change that may result into a highly undesirable outcome or an extremely positive product. Executives that are able to estimate and plan for this change in the organization increases his/her tendency to capitalize on the opportunity hidden therein in comparison to the executives that allow the crisis to approach them unprepared. Thus in contrast to the conventional understanding of a crisis, it may be an opportunity rather than a threat. Nevertheless, a crisis is always characterized by a certain level of uncertainty and risk. Crisis management deals with minimization of risk in the uncertainty with a view to providing an individual or an organization with increased control over the circumstances and exercising the function of management leadership. According to Fink (1986), a crisis consists of four distinct stages namely, the stage of prodroma l crisis, the stage of acute crisis, the stage of chronic crisis, and the stage of crisis resolution. In the anatomy of crisis, these four stages are always existent and unchanged. A business manager who recognizes each of these stages gains the competency to address issues of huge organizational significance. In order to make a proactive approach towards intervention, a manager needs to recognize the prodrome. All crises may not necessarily comprise all four stages, though they are present in a vast majority of major crises. If there is a warning stage, that is essentially the prodromal stage of crisis. A prodrome may become hard to recognize at times and may be evident at other times, though if the required action is not taken in time, it may lead to the occurrence of an acute crisis. In a vast majority of cases, when no action is taken, it is a result of obsessive decision making or analysis paralysis within the company. It is the ease with which a crisis can be managed in the st age of prodrome that makes it very important. If the problem is taken care of before its conversion into acute, the process becomes more convenient and reliable. The whole West is a warren of interconnected transmission lines. The power grid in the West is the largest machine that man has ever made – stretching from Canada to Mexico, from the Pacific Coast to the western front of the Rockies †¦ But like any machine, like your lawnmower or your computer or your car, it is susceptible to breakdown. (Hotz and Clifford cited in Mitroff and Anagnos, 2001, p. 12). There is no turning back at the acute stage of crisis in crisis management in many respects. As soon as the organization enters the stage of acute crisis from the prodromal stage and the warnings end up, the ground thus lost can almost never be recovered, though a firm can minimize additional damage by taking necessary actions in time. The key to success is controlling the crisis to the maximum extent. If it seems im possible to control the acute crisis, the management should then try to influence the origin, time, and way of eruption of the crisis. One of the most fundamental challenges that managers encounter while dealing with the crisis in the acute stage despite being ready for it is the intensity and enormity of speed that is often an essential characteristic of the acute stage of crisis. The kind of crisis determines the speed and the value of probable results determines the intensity of this stage.

Discuss the events of one cardiac cycle (electrical and mechenical Essay

Discuss the events of one cardiac cycle (electrical and mechenical events) - Essay Example Cardiac muscles are myogenic, which means that their contractions are started by the muscle itself, the action beginning from the sino-atriol node. The first stage of the cardiac cycle is known as the ventricular filling, which involves the flow of blood from the atria to the ventricles. The other stages include the movement of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle through the aorta (Guyton and Hall, 2006). The contraction of the heart muscles on the left and right atria, which contract at the same time, is known as the atria systole (Klabunde, 2012). The events begin with the electrical current, which stimulates the myocardium contracts the heart chambers. This is then followed by the mechanical events. The electrical currents of the heart begin at the Sino atria node where action potential is generated (Williams, 2001). In the Sino-atria node, there is a rich supply of cells, capillaries and nervous supply, and the electrical current travels across the right and left atria. The atria are separated from the ventricles by a non-conducting band of connective tissues. Between the cardiac muscles are disc called gap junctions that provide electrical resistance at a low rate. The stimulation of each muscle fiber causes an electrical current to pass over the whole heart hence no external stimulus is required. The wave reaches the atrio-ventricular nodes in the lower right atrium, where it delays for a short period of time before conduction to the ventricles through the bundles up the purkinje fibers (Klabunde, 2004). Delaying at the atrio-ventricular node allows enough time for blood in the atria to get into the right ventricles. The atrio-ventricular node may act as a pace maker, which makes the action potential slow and unstable, depolarization occurs constantly due to the fall of calcium and potassium ions and this effect on the resting potential affects the heart rate. The mechanical